I was home today when the mail came, went out to chat with the carrier, and got a handful of election materials, a couple of bills, and this month’s copy of The Atlantic. The lead article, by Langewiesche is about the STS-107 Columbia disaster, and what caused it. He’s doubtless working on a new book, and I’ll get my order into Amazon now; he’s becoming the John McPhee of this era.
The story is sad, since we know how it ends, and depressing, and enraging.
Because Langewiesche personalizes all his stories, we get a hero, and a villain – or a villainess, in this case:
Her style got the best of her on day six of the mission, January 21, when at a recorded MMT meeting, she spoke just a few words too many, much to her later regret.
It was at the end of a report given by a mid-ranking engineer named Don McCormack, who summarized the progress of an ad hoc engineering group, called the Debris Assessment Team, that had been formed at a still lower level to analyze the foam strike. The analysis was being done primarily by Boeing engineers, who had dusted off the soon to be notorious Crater model, primarily to predict damage to the underwing tile. McCormack reported that little was yet resolved, that the quality of the Crater as a predictor was being judged against the known damage on earlier flights, and that some work was being done to explore the options should the analysis conclude that the Columbia had been badly wounded. After a brief exchange, [Linda] Ham cut him short, saying, “And I’m really … I don’t think there is much we can do, so it’s really not a factor during the flight, since there is not much we can do about it.” She was making assumptions, of course, and they were later proved to be completely wrong, but primarily she was just being efficient and moving the meeting along. After the accident, when the transcript and audiotapes emerged, those words were taken out of context to portray Ham as a villainous and almost inhumanly callous person, which she certainly was not. In fact, she was married to an astronaut, and was as concerned as anyone about the safety of the crews.
Or maybe not…
The story was a sad and unnecessary one, involving arrogance, insularity, and bad luck allowed to run unchecked. On the seventh day of the flight, January 22, just as the Air Force began to move on the Kennedy engineers’ back-channel request for photographs [], Linda Ham heard to her surprise that this approach had been made. She immediately telephoned other high-level managers in Houston to see if any of them wanted to issue a formal “requirement” for imagery, and when they informed her that they did not, rather than exploring the question with the Kennedy engineers she simply terminated their request with the Department of Defense. This appears to have been a purely bureaucratic reaction. A NASA liaison then emailed an apology to Air Force personnel, assuring them that the shuttle was in “excellent shape” and explaining that a foam strike was “something that has happened before and is not considered to be a major problem.” The officer continued, “The one problem that has been identified is the need for some additional coordination within NASA to assure that when a request is made it is done through the official channels.”
There appear to have been other problems. Go great the magazine and read the story for yourself – you’ll understand how it is that large, stultifying bureaucracies, whether in Houston or Sacramento, just seem to be incapable of actually delivering adequate responses to the complex world in which we live.
I feel bad for Linda Ham, who with this book will doubtless be publicly hung with the tragedy.
But if we are going to hang her, let’s at least try and learn something from it.
It takes courage to challenge a “large stultifying bureaucracy.” It also takes courage to challenge the received wisdom in a small village community. There is, in fact, no form of social organization which can function properly without certain characteristics of character–including courage–on the part of those who operate.
Too many people today believe that if you get the right organization structure and the right set of “processes” in place, then the organization can operate independently of human discretion (the idiotic “zero-tolerance” policies at many schools being a fine example of this)
For whatever reason, today’s “liberals” seem particularly prone to this affliction.
David –
I’ll strongly disagree here.
If what you said was true, armies would succeed or fail based on the personal characteristics of their troops – the random characteristics with which they wree born and had been raised – leadership, structure, policy, and organziation would have no effect.
People are in fact malleable in their behavior; we change how we act based in part on the circumstances and surroundings in which we find ourselves.
If that belief makes me a liberal, so be it.
I think I’ll have a lot of company, including many who would be surprised to be tagged with that label.
A.L.
AL–I had an “eloquent” response all ready to go and the #$&!!@$ server lost it…will try again after lunch.
Don’t you hate it when that happens…
…awaiting your reply.
A.L.
Don;t miss his book on “Unbuilding the World Trade Center” about the year-long cleanup of the site. A great example of “a pack not a herd.”
OK…maybe it will work this time.
I’m certainly not arguing that organization structures, processes, procedures, etc are not important to the performance of an organization. I’ve spent plenty of time on such things. But they’re not the entire story.
Tolstoy said that the strength of an army is its mass multiplied by an “x” factor, which he defined as the desire to fight. Whence comes this x-factor? To a certain extent, it can be supplied by leadership..there were certainly people in Britain in 1940 who fought better because of Churchill’s speeches. But the leader can only do so much: the basic character of those being led is important.
Isn’t it possible that organizations with a high degree of job security (like government agencies) tend to attract people with high risk-aversion? And should we be surprised if these people then fail to speak out (always a social and career risk if not a risk of getting fired per se) when they see bad stuff going on?
And at the level of the overall society, there are certainly factors in the way people are raised and educated that have a lasting influence on their character, including courage or lack of same. If a child begins life at a playground from which the swings have been removed (“too dangerous”–then goes to an elementary school with arbitrary “zero tolerance” policies–then on to college with draconian speech codes–doesn’t that make it likely that he will become a person with the courage to speak his mind when it really matters?
I assume you mean “unlikely,” David. And that’s one heck of a fine point.